Carved directly into colorful red, white, pink, and sandstone cliff faces, lies the prehistoric Jordanian city of Petra. The city was lost to the Western world for hundreds of years., but in 1985 was opened to the public and named one of the new seven wonders of the world.

Peace justice

Peace, Justice and strong institutions

Cities

Sustainable cities and communities

Analyze the geographic, political, social, economic and religious structure and contributions of ancient civilizations, including: Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China.

SOC.8.16.8.43

Identify the contributions of the following ancient civilizations: Babylonians (e.g., first written code of law), Hebrews (e.g., monotheism), Phoenicians (e.g., development of simple alphabet), India (tradition of great literature), and China (accomplishments in art and architecture, and innovations in science and technology).

SOC.8.16.8.45

Understand environmental, social, political, and cultural factors that shaped the development of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley (e.g., religious traditions and how they shaped culture; urban development, social hierarchy, religion, and government; the significance of Hammurabi’s Code; the importance of river systems and physical settings in the development of early civilizations; cultural and scientific contributions including calendars and architecture; the role of social class and gender in Ancient civilizations).

SOC.11.16.11.51

Describe the factors that shape identity - including institutions, religion, language, social class, geography, culture, and society in ancient civilizations.

H.SS.6-8.EWC.14

Analyze the intellectual, cultural, religious, and artistic contributions of ancient civilizations to our modern world of racially and ethnically diverse people.

MC.SS.6-8.EWC.22

Explain how trade impacted economic growth, labor markets, rights of citizens, the environment, resources, and income distribution in different ancient civilizations.

E.SS.6-8.EWC.32

Explain the influence of ancient civilizations of the roles, rights, and responsibilities of citizens.

SOC.6-8.C13.[6-8].5

explaining their role in navigation, beginning with ancient civilizations, advancing through 19th century mathematical celestial navigation, to current Global Positioning Systems.

SCI.9-11.ESS2 (Ext.)-Xaa

Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys?

SOC.8-9.WHI.3a.Q1

Viewing maps of ancient civilizations during different time periods helps students begin to understand changes in relationships among peoples, places, and environments.

SOC.3.5.1

Other early civilizations (about 2000 to 500 B.C. [B.C.E.]) Hebrews settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River Valley (part of the Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia)